NITI Aayog Unveils Reports on Viksit Bharat 2047, Net Zero Transition

NITI Aayog has released a series of study reports outlining development scenarios towards achieving Viksit Bharat by 2047 while progressing towards Net Zero emissions by 2070.

The reports emphasise that the goal of a developed India by 2047 is achievable across all projected scenarios, provided key structural and behavioural transitions are undertaken.

According to the studies, large-scale electrification of energy systems, greening of the energy mix, adoption of Mission LiFE principles, behavioural change and promotion of circular economy practices are critical to achieving Net Zero targets. The reports identify agriculture, buildings and waste management as key sectors requiring focused interventions.

In the agriculture sector, the studies note that farming continues to underpin rural livelihoods and remains the country’s largest source of employment. The transition strategy prioritises measures that improve crop yields and farmer incomes while building climate resilience, with emissions mitigation treated as a co-benefit. Resource efficiency measures such as micro-irrigation and fertiliser optimisation have been highlighted as early priorities.

For the buildings sector, the reports project that nearly 86 per cent of India’s building floor space that will exist in 2070 is yet to be constructed. Commercial floor space is expected to increase four to seven times, while demand for residential space is projected to double by 2070. Air-conditioner ownership is estimated to rise from about 10 per cent at present to over 80 per cent by 2070, significantly increasing cooling demand. The studies recommend the adoption of passive design, super-efficient appliances and low-carbon construction materials to prevent long-term energy lock-in.

In the waste sector, the reports underline that waste contains embodied energy and valuable materials, offering major opportunities for resource recovery. Universal door-to-door solid waste collection and treatment of collected wastewater by 2047 have been identified as priority targets. The studies also highlight the potential of waste-to-energy solutions such as bio-methanation to convert waste into Bio-CNG, compost and treated water, thereby reducing dependence on virgin resources and supporting circular urban economies.

Overall, the NITI Aayog reports conclude that coordinated sectoral strategies integrating economic growth, development priorities and climate commitments will be essential for India’s transition towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero.