India, Japan Expand Clean Energy Cooperation with Focus on Biogas, Hydrogen and Clean Ammonia

India and Japan have agreed to significantly expand their Special Strategic and Global Partnership by strengthening defence ties, economic security, clean energy cooperation, technology partnerships and resilient supply chains, while reaffirming their shared commitment to a free, open and rules-based Indo-Pacific.

The announcements were made following the 16th India-Japan Annual Summit held in New Delhi during Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's official visit to India from July 1 to 3, 2026. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Prime Minister Takaichi reviewed the progress made since the previous summit and outlined an ambitious roadmap for bilateral cooperation across strategic, economic and global issues.

Energy security and clean energy cooperation featured prominently during the summit, with the two Prime Ministers recognising their shared status as major energy-consuming nations impacted by volatility in global energy markets. They underscored the urgency of deepening India-Japan cooperation on energy security and reiterated the importance of ensuring unimpeded freedom of navigation and uninterrupted flow of global commerce, including through the Strait of Hormuz, while opposing restrictive measures hampering the movement of commercial vessels.

The two leaders reaffirmed their commitment to work together, both bilaterally and through multilateral platforms, to enhance the resilience of energy supply chains and promote stability in global energy markets. They welcomed the prospects for expanded collaboration across the energy value chain and agreed to explore collaborative opportunities, including joint investments, across the maritime energy transport value chain.

The Prime Ministers highlighted the importance of regional initiatives to strengthen energy resilience, including Japan's Partnership On Wide Energy and Resources Resilience (POWERR Asia), India's support to energy security in South Asia and the Quad Initiative on Indo-Pacific Energy Security. They also welcomed the adoption of the Joint Statement on Energy Resilience and agreed to strengthen cooperation on strategic petroleum reserves through the exchange of best practices and technical collaboration on strategic stockpiling ecosystem. Prime Minister Takaichi reaffirmed Japan's support for India's membership of the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The two Prime Ministers also agreed to take forward their partnership in the clean energy sector and welcomed the launch of the India-Japan Cooperative Biogas for Growth Initiative (CBG Initiative) to scale up biogas production in light of India's target of establishing 1,000 biogas plants and organic fertiliser plants across the country. They also welcomed the signing of a Memorandum of Cooperation between Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and India's Ministry of Cooperation and the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying.

Recognising the importance of hydrogen and ammonia not only for decarbonization but also for enhancing energy security, the two leaders reaffirmed their commitment to promote the landmark clean ammonia project in Odisha under the continued support of both governments. They also acknowledged the importance of promoting clean energy projects in areas including clean ammonia, green hydrogen, solar PV technologies and nuclear energy.

Beyond energy cooperation, India and Japan adopted the India-Japan Joint Declaration on Economic Security Cooperation to promote project-based collaboration in key sectors, including semiconductors, critical minerals, information and communication technology, clean energy and pharmaceuticals. The two countries reiterated their  grave concerns over economic coercion and non-market policies and practices, including arbitrary export restrictions that may lead to supply chain disruptions, particularly in critical minerals and critical industrial sectors, and price manipulation.

They reaffirmed the importance of diversified, resilient and reliable global supply chains and committed to promoting and protecting key technologies while respecting their regulations and related rules. The two sides also agreed to further protect high-technology trade while mutually easing export control challenges and decided to advance consultations among the relevant ministries.

The two Prime Ministers also shared the view that promoting innovation in new technologies, including artificial intelligence, is crucial to broadening bilateral cooperation. They agreed to strengthen national capabilities in AI and resilient digital infrastructure, welcomed the inaugural India-Japan AI Strategic Dialogue and adopted the Joint Statement on AI Cooperation to build on progress made under the India-Japan AI Cooperation Initiative.

The leaders welcomed increasing private investment from Japan to India and appreciated the progress made towards the target of 10 trillion yen in investments. They agreed to accelerate the review and effective utilisation of the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) and endorsed bilateral efforts to strengthen cooperation in logistics, textiles, food processing, agriculture, industrial capital goods, healthcare, pharmaceutical supply chains, financial cooperation and payment systems. They also welcomed the inauguration of the India-Japan SME Forum and reaffirmed their commitment to facilitate greater investment flows, industrial collaborations and technology partnerships.